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Proportional valves – precise control, flexible use

Proportional valves – precise control, flexible use

In modern industry, it is important to control pressure, flow, and movements precisely. This applies, for example, to automated production systems, machine controls, and medical technology devices. Proportional valves help to perform these tasks safely and flexibly. Unlike simple on/off valves, they can be regulated continuously. This means, for example, that the amount of air or liquid flowing through the valve can be adjusted very precisely as required. FESTO proportional valves are particularly precise. They respond quickly, work reliably, and help to save energy. This makes them an ideal solution for many industrial applications.

Flow control valves

Flow control valves

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Pressure control valves

Pressure control valves

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Was ist ein Proportionalventil?

What is a proportional valve?

A proportional valve is a valve that allows air or liquid to be controlled very precisely. Unlike a classic switching valve, which only has two states – open or closed – a proportional valve allows for continuous control. The flow or pressure can be finely adjusted as required.
The valve is controlled by an electrical signal. Depending on the signal strength, it opens or closes to a greater or lesser extent – exactly as required by the application. The valve does not react just once, but adapts continuously. If the conditions in the system change, it reacts in real time. This ensures stable processes and consistently high accuracy. Technically, a proportional valve usually consists of a housing, a movable actuator (such as a piston or armature), a sensor for feedback, and an electronic control system. The interaction and coordination of these components enable precise implementation of the control signal – at any time and under changing operating conditions.

Types of proportional valves and their application

Proportional valves are available in several variants. Different designs are used depending on whether pressure, flow, or flow direction is to be controlled. The following types have proven themselves in practice.

Proportional pressure control valves

These valves regulate the pressure in a system proportionally to an electrical control signal – usually 0–10 V or 4–20 mA. They maintain the desired output pressure even when the input pressure fluctuates or the load conditions change. Continuous comparison between the setpoint and actual values allows pressure control processes to be controlled very accurately.

Typical applications can be found in hydraulic systems, such as presses, test benches, or automotive engineering systems. In the process industry, where stable pressure is required over long periods of time, proportional pressure control valves also offer a clear advantage over purely mechanical or switching solutions.

Proportional flow control valves

When precise control of the flow rate is essential—whether for air, oil, or liquids—proportional flow control valves are the right choice. The valve opening is continuously adjusted depending on the control signal. This allows the volume flow to be precisely controlled, which is crucial in pneumatics, lubrication systems, or media dosing, for example.

They are used in production lines, cooling systems, or machines with variable output—anywhere where the flow must be flexibly and precisely adjusted to changing operating conditions.

Proportional directional control valves

These valves combine two functions: they control both the direction and the quantity of the medium. In hydraulic and pneumatic drives, they enable precise control of the direction and speed of movement – continuously and in both directions.

Proportional directional control valves are ideal for applications with complex motion sequences, such as in CNC machines, robotics systems, or automated handling systems. Their advantage: movements are smooth, precise, and jerk-free – even with load changes or different speed profiles.

Proportional solenoid valves

These valves use electromagnetic actuators to control the valve position proportionally to the control signal. Unlike conventional solenoid valves, which are either on or off, they offer fine-grained control of the valve opening. This makes them particularly fast to control and suitable for applications with short response times.

They are used, for example, in packaging machines, analytical and medical devices, and in food technology—anywhere where precision and dynamics are required and where hygienic or easy-to-clean designs are essential.

Proportional valves compared to solenoid valves and control valves

Unlike solenoid valves, which can only be switched on or off, proportional valves can be regulated continuously. They also have advantages over conventional control valves: they respond faster, require less space, and can be integrated more easily into modern control systems. This allows pressure and flow to be continuously and very precisely adjusted to changing conditions.

Selection, control, and connection—what you should pay attention to

For a proportional valve to work reliably and precisely, it must be suitable for the respective application. These selection criteria will help you find the right proportional valve for your application.

1

Defining requirements

First, it should be clear what function the valve is to perform: Is it for regulating pressure, flow, or both? What media are used—air, oil, water, or special fluids? And in what operating range (temperature, environmental influences, installation position) will it be used?

2

Define control and signal type

Most proportional valves are controlled by an electrical control signal – analog (e.g., 0–10 V, 4–20 mA) or digital (e.g., PWM). In more complex systems, bus connections such as CANopen or EtherCAT are also possible. It is important that the control system is compatible with the existing infrastructure and the desired control quality.

3

Selecting the valve type

The selection of the appropriate valve type depends on the desired control behavior:

  • Proportional pressure control valves maintain a constant pressure under changing conditions.
  • Proportional flow control valves regulate the exact flow rate of gases or liquids.
  • Proportional directional control valves also enable precise control of the flow direction.
  • Proportional solenoid valves are characterized by particularly fast response times and high precision.

4

Observe installation conditions and maintenance requirements

In addition to the technical specifications, installation, accessibility, and maintenance requirements also play a role. FESTO proportional valves are designed for long-lasting and low-maintenance operation—even under demanding conditions.

Would you like to be sure about your selection or do you have specific requirements?

We would be happy to assist you with a technical assessment. A brief exchange is all it takes to find a suitable solution together.

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FAQs about proportional valves

What is a proportional valve?

A proportional valve is an adjustable valve that changes the flow or pressure in proportion to an electrical control signal. Unlike switching valves, it can be adjusted continuously, enabling precise control in real time.

How does a proportional valve work?

The valve is controlled by an electrical signal. Depending on the signal strength, an actuator changes the opening of the valve. Sensors and feedback systems ensure that the desired setpoint is maintained – even with dynamic changes in the system.

Where are proportional valves used?

Wherever precise control is required: Typical areas of application include industrial automation, mechanical engineering, automotive engineering, medical technology, aviation, and the process industry. In these areas, proportional valves perform control tasks in pneumatic and hydraulic systems with high requirements for precision and response speed.

What distinguishes proportional valves from other valve types?

Unlike solenoid valves, which usually only have two states (open/closed), proportional valves regulate continuously. Compared to classic control valves, they offer shorter response times. They also have a more compact design. This makes them ideal for applications with limited installation space or changing operating conditions.

What are the advantages of proportional valves?

Proportional valves enable continuous and precise control of pressure and flow. They respond quickly to control signals and can be flexibly integrated into dynamic processes. Thanks to demand-based control, they are particularly energy-efficient and reduce the mechanical load on downstream components. Their compact design and robust construction make them versatile even in demanding environmental conditions.

Contact and consultation – take advantage of our expertise

Do you have questions or need help selecting the right proportional valve? Are you planning a project or looking for a suitable solution for your control task? Our team is available by phone, email, or via the contact form. Together, we will find the best solution for your application.

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